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擺動式液壓缸

擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)液壓(ya)缸(gang)是輸出扭(niu)矩并(bing)實現往(wang)復(fu)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)執行元件，有單葉(xie)片(pian)、雙葉(xie)片(pian)、螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)等幾種(zhong)形式(shi)。葉(xie)片(pian)式(shi)式(shi)：定子塊固定在缸(gang)體上，而葉(xie)片(pian)和(he)(he)轉(zhuan)子連接在一(yi)起。根據進油方向，葉(xie)片(pian)將帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)子作往(wang)復(fu)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)式(shi)又分(fen)單螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)和(he)(he)雙螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)兩種(zhong)，現在雙螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)比較常用，靠兩個螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)(xuan)副(fu)降(jiang)液壓(ya)缸(gang)內活塞(sai)的(de)直線(xian)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)轉(zhuan)變為(wei)直線(xian)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)與自(zi)轉(zhuan)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)的(de)復(fu)he運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，從(cong)而實現擺(bai)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)運(yun)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。

液壓(ya)缸(gang)(gang)結構(gou)基本(ben)上可(ke)以分為缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)和(he)缸(gang)(gang)蓋(gai)、活塞和(he)活塞桿、密(mi)封裝(zhuang)置(zhi)、緩沖裝(zhuang)置(zhi)和(he)排氣裝(zhuang)置(zhi)五個部分。今天威海力(li)建小編著重帶(dai)著大家了解一下缸(gang)(gang)筒(tong)和(he)缸(gang)(gang)蓋(gai)。

 缸筒(tong)和(he)缸蓋

一般來說，缸(gang)筒(tong)和(he)缸(gang)蓋的(de)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)和(he)其使(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)材料有(you)關。工(gong)(gong)作壓力p＜10MPa時(shi)(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)鑄(zhu)鐵；p＜20MPa時(shi)(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)；p＞20MPa時(shi)(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)或(huo)鍛鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)。法蘭連(lian)接(jie)式(shi)(shi)，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)簡單，容(rong)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，也(ye)容(rong)易(yi)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)拆，但外(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)和(he)重量(liang)(liang)都(dou)較(jiao)(jiao)大，常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)于鑄(zhu)鐵制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)缸(gang)筒(tong)上(shang)。半環連(lian)接(jie)式(shi)(shi)，它的(de)缸(gang)筒(tong)壁部(bu)因開了環形(xing)槽而削弱了強度(du)，為此有(you)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)厚缸(gang)壁，它容(rong)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和(he)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)拆，重量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)輕，常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)于無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)或(huo)鍛鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)缸(gang)筒(tong)上(shang)。螺紋連(lian)接(jie)式(shi)(shi)，它的(de)缸(gang)筒(tong)端(duan)部(bu)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)復雜，外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)要(yao)求保(bao)證內外(wai)(wai)(wai)徑(jing)同心，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)拆要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)具，它的(de)外(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)和(he)重量(liang)(liang)都(dou)較(jiao)(jiao)小，常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)于無(wu)縫鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)或(huo)鑄(zhu)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)制(zhi)(zhi)的(de)缸(gang)筒(tong)上(shang)。拉桿連(lian)接(jie)式(shi)(shi)，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)的(de)通用(yong)(yong)性大，容(rong)易(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和(he)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)拆，但外(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)較(jiao)(jiao)大，且較(jiao)(jiao)重。焊接(jie)連(lian)接(jie)式(shi)(shi)，結(jie)(jie)構(gou)簡單，尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)小，但缸(gang)底處內徑(jing)不易(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，且可能引起變形(xing)。

、液壓缸低速爬行的(de)現(xian)象

　　液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)缸(gang)的活塞桿在油壓(ya)(ya)的作用下伸出或縮回時(shi)(shi)，經常出現(xian)速度(du)不均勻現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)，并(bing)有時(shi)(shi)伴有振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)和異響(xiang)，從(cong)而引起整個液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系統(tong)的振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)，并(bing)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)主機其它(ta)部件振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)，在主機調試過程中經常出現(xian)，有時(shi)(shi)速度(du)快(kuai)了，這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)會減輕。除(chu)因液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)系統(tong)管(guan)路引起這(zhe)種(zhong)現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)以(yi)外，液(ye)壓(ya)(ya)缸(gang)自身產生的振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)也經常引發此(ci)類現(xian)象(xiang)(xiang)。

原因分析

液壓缸有(you)(you)桿腔和無桿腔存有(you)(you)氣(qi)體而產生的低速(su)爬行(xing)，由于氣(qi)體混在(zai)液壓油(you)中，在(zai)壓力(li)的作(zuo)用(yong)下，容器(qi)內體積變化，在(zai)高壓作(zuo)用(yong)下甚至發生氣(qi)體瞬間，從而引(yin)起液壓缸的速(su)度不穩定。